FUW TRENDS IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(A Peer Review Journal)
e–ISSN: 2408–5162; p–ISSN: 2048–5170
keywords: Biodiesel, cetane rating, characterization, transesterification, used vegetable oil, yield
The transesterification of used cooking oil with short-chain alcohols, in the presence of base catalyst sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and methanol as solvent, by means of single step batch process in order to obtain biodiesel fuel was studied using a reaction ratio of 6:1 for alcohol: oil. The process variables that were investigated are catalyst concentration and reaction time. The biodiesel yield for the samples (Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3) were 58 mL, 79 mL and 70 mL, respectively while the glycerine yield for the samples (Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3) were 19 mL, 19 mL and 20 mL, respectively. The reaction times for the three samples (Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3) were 60, 90 and 120 min, respectively. The best result for highest yield and highest purity was at 90 mins reaction time and 1.5 g catalyst concentration. Sample 2 (sample with 1.5 g catalyst concentration, heated at 65oC for 90 min) was found to have the highest cetane rating closer to the ASTM standard which implies that sample 2 will be a more efficient fuel than the other two samples, with guaranteed smooth running of diesel engine as well as clean burning.
Adepoju TF & Olawale O 2014. Acid-Catalyzed Esterification of Waste Cooking Oil with High FFA for Biodiesel Production. Chem. & Process Engr. Res., 21: 80 – 85. Demirbas A 2008. Relationships derived from physical properties of vegetable oil and biodiesel fuel. Fuel, 87: 1743-1748. Fukuda H, Kondo A & Noda H 2001. Review biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils. J. Bioscience & Bioengineering, 92: 405 - 416. Ibitoye AA 2005. Analytical Chemist/Consultant. Department of crop, soil and pest management, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria, pp. 14-21. Jose M Encinar, Juan F Gonzalez & Rodriguez-Reinares A 2005. Biodiesel from Used Frying Oil, Variables affecting the Yields and Characteristics of the Biodiesel. Indu. & Engr. Chem. Res., 44: 5491- 5499. Lakshmi GN, Ramadhas AS, Nallusamy N & Sakthivel P 2010. Relationships among the physical properties of biodiesel and engine fuel system design requirement. Int. J. Energy & Envt., 1(5): 919-926. Magín L, José MH, Lisbeth LL, García-Contreras R & Yolanda B 2008. Effect of the alcohol type, used in the production of waste cooking oil biodiesel on diesel performance and emissions. Sci. Direct J. Fuel, 87(15-16): 3161-3169. Mahfuzah BM 2011. Preparation of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil and Refines Bleached Deodorized Oil Using Single Step Batch Transesterification Process with the aid of KOH as the Catalyst. Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Thesis of Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources Engineering, UniversitiMalayia Pahang (Unpublished). Meher L, Vidya S & Naik S 2006. Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification- A review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10: 248 – 268. Onwuka B 2005. Food Analysis and Instrumentation Theory and Practice, Naphtali Prints, Lagos, Nigeria, pp. 140-150. Ramadhas A, Jayaraj S & Muraleedharan C 2005. Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel, 84: 335-340. Ramadhas AS, Muraleedharan C & Jayaraj S 2009. Biodiesel Production Technologies and Substrates. Hand Book of Plant Based Biofuels. Ed. Ashok Pandey, CRC Press Taylors & Francis Group, USA. Schuchardt U, Sercheli R & Vargas RM 1998. Transesterification of Vegetable Oils: ARev. J. Brazilian Chem. Soc., 9: 199-210. Van Gerpen J 2005. Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Processing Techn., 86: 1097-1107.
